Russia has a grim, well-established playbook for fighting its wars.
Every country has one, but Moscow is notoriously iron-fisted in the way it wages its military campaigns. Just ask the Georgians and the Chechens.
From the use of massed artillery to turn cities into dust to the indiscriminate bombing of hospitals and apartment blocks to terrorize civilians and break their will, Russia’s military tactics have stayed roughly the same for decades, with the occasional modification for new technologies.
Western leaders and military experts who make it their business to study how Russia fights all agree on one thing — the war in Ukraine has
